VCE Psychology - Memory


This test is based on the 2000 Part A Examination, and consists of 15 questions on the Memory area of study. You should attempt all questions.
Each question has four possible answers. Only one answer for each question is correct. Select the answer you believe is correct and indicate your choice by clicking the box that corresponds with your choice of the correct answer.
Each question is worth one mark. Marks will not be deducted for incorrect answers.

1. Which type of memory stores information about personal events and general knowledge of the world?

Declarative
Procedural
Episodic
Semantic

2. Which of the following sequences of information processing by the main memory system is accurate?

Short-term memory. Sensory memory. Episodic memory. Semantic memory.
Sensory memory. Short-term memory. Long-term memory.
Sensory memory. Long-term memory. Short-term memory.
Short-term memory. Long-term memory. Sensory memory.

3. Which one of the following alternatives is a correct statement about long-term memory?

Information is held on a long-term memory in an unencoded form.
Information is organised in a chronological (time based) sequence making more recent memories easier to access.
Long-term memories are encoded meaningfully and linked with related memories.
Short-term memories are stored in a sequential and alphabetical manner similar to information in a dictionary.

4. Which measures of memory retention involves providing a person with a direct cue to aid memories?

Cued recall
Recognition
Relearning
Free recall

5. The following statement concern the amount of information that can be held in short-term memory. Which statement is accurate?

Short-term memory holds all of the sensory information until it is encoded into long-term memory.
Short-term memory holds a limited amount of encoded information while it is being further processed.
Short-term memory can hold all incoming information provided it is 'chunked'.
Short-term memory only holds information transferred from sensory memory.

6. A person suffers an injury to a part of the brain associated with memory. They are diagnosed as experiencing anterograde amnesia. Which of the following symptoms is the person most likely experiencing?

Inability to recall events that occurred just before the brain injury.
Difficulty in remembering events from the past including events just before the injury.
Inability to store new episodic memories for longer then a few minutes.
Difficulty in storing new information into semantic memory but no problems storing new events into episodic memory.

7. New memories sometimes disrupt access to old memories and cause forgetting. What is the name of the process?

Primacy interference
Proactive interference
Recency interference
Retroactive interference

8. The following statement concern long-term memory performance over a performance over a person’s life span. Which statement is accurate?

Performance on episodic and semantic memory tests decline progressively after the age of 35 years.
There is little decline recall measures for episodic memories but recognition measures show a significant and progressive decline.
There is a gradual decline in performance as shown by recall and recognition measures for semantic memories but not for episodic memories.
Recall measures show a significant decline in performance for episodic memories but much less decline in performance for well-learned semantic memories.

9. Angela attended a party where she met many new people and remembered each of their names. A few days later, while shopping, Angela saw a boy she was sure she knew but she was unable to remember his name. She was able to remember his name when she recalled that she had met the boy at the party. In this example the party is a … Cue which helped Angela’s recall of the boy’s name.

State dependent
Proactive dependent
Context dependent
Retroactive dependent

10. Two chemistry students challenged each other to be the first to remember the order of the first 40 chemicals elements. The students used different memory techniques. Student a made up a series of related sentences and used the chemical element names within the sentences. Student b also made up a series of sentences but the word in the sentences began with the letters of the chemicals in there correct order. What are the names of the two memory techniques used by the students?

Student a – narrative chaining; student b – acrostic
Student a – narrative chaining; student b – acronym
Student a – acrostic; student b – acronym
Student a – acronym; student b – acrostic

11. When a person experiences the tip of the tongue phenomenon they often access only the first letter or the syllabic structure of a word or name they believe they know. This results in many incorrect guesses. What does this tell us about the way information is stored in memory?

Information is stored only by first letters and syllable structure.
Information in stored in multiple forms to aid retrieval from memory.
Words and names are never stored as completed items and require guesses to be made to reconstruct them.
Words and names are stored only as single completed items in memory.

12. Ebbinghaus systematically measured the speed with which information is lost from memory. He did this by testing himself on lists of three letter nonsense syllables. Why did Ebbinghaus use nonsense syllables in his experiments?

They were easy to prepare and simple to store in long-term memory.
They would already have had prior representations in long-term memory.
They would not have had any prior representation in long-term memory.
They could be linked together to form meaningful chinks.

13. Which of the following changes in memory performance is a characteristic of Alzheimer’s disease?

Forgetfulness of how to do everyday things and an inability to store new long - term memories
Severe disruption to short-term memory but an ability to lay down new long–term memories.
Difficulty in storing new information in long–term memory but continued access to old long–term memories
No disruption to short–term memory but severe disruption in laying down new long–term memories.

14. Which of the following is an accurate statement about echoic memory?

Echoic memory lasts for between 2-4 seconds and store only auditory information.
Echoic memory lasts for only about 2-4 seconds and stores only visual information.
Echoic memory last up to 30 seconds provided no new stimuli are received to displace other items
Echoic memory lasts for only about 1-2 seconds and stores only auditory information.

15. If a person suffers a head injury they often have little or no recollection of the leading to the injury. Although a memory of the events may return for some individuals, other never have any memory of the events. This letter finding is often explained as being caused by:

An interference effect
A state-dependent effect
A context effect
Lack of consolidation
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